Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates

• Julian Skolaut,
• Jędrzej Tepper,
• Federica Galli,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97

• /Si; conductive atomic force microscopy; dodecanethiol; self-assembled monolayers; Introduction For decades, the need for miniaturization of electronics has pushed the research field into the direction of bottom-up, rather than top-down, approaches. In this research field, molecular electronics [1][2

• -assembled monolayers (SAMs) a perfect test bed for studies on molecular layers. With the idea of molecular electronics in mind, most studies have been aimed at studying the conductivity of SAMs. In previous studies, the contacting of SAMs has been achieved in various ways [4]. We focus here on the

• the use in applications, the properties of such layers of molecules and the interface they form with the metal substrate have to be investigated carefully and systematically. In order to achieve comparability between different types of molecules, ordered layers are favorable, which makes self

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• extensively studied for revealing the supramolecular interactions in the formation of self-assembled monolayers [29][30][31][32][33][34]. Several intermolecular interactions take place at the solid/liquid interface that should be taken into account for the controlled molecular organization in two dimensions

• Reversible Phase Transitions in Self-Assembled Monolayers on HOPG Surfaces", Small, with permission from John Wiley and Sons. Copyright © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (a–f) STM images formed at the HOPG/TCB interface. (a–c) C12m, C14m, and C16m

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold. We examined several different species that have been used to produce NHC-based monolayers on gold, namely 1,3-diisopropyl-5-nitrobenzimidazolium iodide, 1,3-diisopropyl-5-nitrobenzimidazolium hydrogen carbonate, bis(1,3-diisopropyl-5-nitrobenzimidazolium)gold(I

• but also the potential for deliberate etching, with the outcome determined by choice of chemically synthesized organic species and solvent. Keywords: gold etchant; microfabrication; N-heterocyclic carbenes; self-assembled monolayer (SAM); thin films; Introduction Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• developed system. The substrate was prepared from Ag NPs by decorating the surface of porous silicon with Ag NPs using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The SAM method offers precise control, versatility, simplicity, stability, and compatibility, making it a valuable technique for surface modification in

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• specific recognition and selective functions in enzymatic reactions and metabolic processes [30]. Therefore, they may also be suitable as chiral selectors in QCM sensing systems. Zhang and Ng et al. successfully fabricated rapid and real-time QCM biosensors based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of

Self-assembly of C₆₀ on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C₆₀ monolayer

• Guglielmo Albani,
• Michele Capra,
• Alessandro Lodesani,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Alberto Brambilla,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Andrea Picone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76

• , the hybridization between the electronic states of the metallic substrate and the molecular orbitals is crucial to induce spin-polarized molecular states at the organic/inorganic interface [17][18][19]. Conversely, if either isolated molecules or self-assembled monolayers are adsorbed on solid

Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles

• Gufeng Li,
• Shaoqing Li,
• Rui Wang,
• Min Yang,
• Lizhu Zhang,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Wenrong Yang and
• Hongbin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46

• , surface modifications of GNPs are highly attractive for both environmental monitoring and biological applications. Surface modification of GNPs by using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [22] is one of the most attractive strategies to enhance their sensing performance. The surface of GNPs can be modified

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• Abstract Ultrathin membranes with subnanometer pores enabling molecular size-selective separation were generated on surfaces via electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The evolution of p-terphenylthiol (TPT) SAMs on Au(111) surfaces into cross-linked monolayers was observed

• simulations, we propose that these voids may correspond to free volumes inside a cross-linked monolayer. Keywords: carbon nanomembranes; electron-induced cross-linking; scanning tunneling microscopy; self-assembled monolayers; subnanometer pores; Introduction Electron-induced chemistry plays an essential

• ][9]. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are ordered molecular assemblies formed by the adsorption of amphiphilic organic molecules on a solid surface [10][11][12]. Self-assembled monolayers are model systems that enable a fundamental understanding of self-organization and provide a versatile path to

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• monitor the STM-induced nucleation, growth, and ripening of self-assembled monolayers in a more controlled fashion. Söngen et al. [77] provide insight into the interaction of organic molecules with bulk insulators by discussing the adsorption of ethanol on both calcite and magnesite using three

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• nanoimprint. In another HIBL-related study, helium ion irradiation was used to induce varying degrees of cross-linking of aromatic self-assembled monolayers supported on a gold substrate, followed by removal of the non-cross-linked regions by adhesion to a PMMA film [112]. This leaves the exposed (cross

Exploring the fabrication and transfer mechanism of metallic nanostructures on carbon nanomembranes via focused electron beam induced processing

• Christian Preischl,
• Linh Hoang Le,
• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 319–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.26

• electron beam-induced processing is a versatile method for the fabrication of metallic nanostructures with arbitrary shape, in particular, on top of two-dimensional (2D) organic materials, such as self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Two methods, namely electron beam-induced deposition (EBID) and electron

• agent need to be considered and further studied. Keywords: 2D materials; carbon nanomembranes (CNMs); focused electron beam-induced processing; metallic nanostructures; self-assembled monolayers; Introduction Focused electron beam-induced processing (FEBIP) is a powerful maskless “direct-write

• 2D materials used in this approach are ultrathin carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) [21]. CNMs are versatile 2D organic materials with high thermal [22] and mechanical [23] stability that can be produced by electron-induced cross-linking of aromatic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [24] and transferred onto

Scanning transmission helium ion microscopy on carbon nanomembranes

• Daniel Emmrich,
• Annalena Wolff,
• Nikolaus Meyerbröker,
• Jörg K. N. Lindner,
• André Beyer and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 222–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.18

• samples. These membranes are made from aromatic molecules, typically from self-assembled monolayers. Upon electron irradiation, cross-linking of the molecules is induced. A mechanically stable membrane is formed, which can be transferred onto any other substrate, such as TEM grids [22][23]. Since CNMs

• with line integration of 64 lines. The field of view was set to 10 µm for the thin carbon membrane and to 15 µm for the thick membrane. The carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) were formed by low-energy electron irradiation of aromatic self-assembled monolayers (thin CNMs) or spin coated layers of aromatic

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• stable freestanding monolayers produced from irradiation-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [35]. They have a thickness in the range of 1–2 nm and can be made from a variety of carbon precursor molecules [36]. They are well characterized in terms of their permeability [37][38] and

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• Robby Reynaerts Kunal S. Mali Steven De Feyter Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium 10.3762/bjnano.11.113 Abstract Structural polymorphism is ubiquitous in physisorbed self-assembled monolayers formed at the

• than one type of packing – a property widely known as crystal polymorphism – is not limited to the realm of bulk (3D) crystals but also extends to the 2D world of physisorbed self-assembled monolayers [1][2][3][4]. In fact, observation of multiple polymorphic networks, especially for organic monolayers

• at the 1-phenyloctane–HOPG interface. The white double-headed arrows at the lower left corner of the image represent the three symmetry axes of the graphite lattice. (b) Molecular model for the n-C50 monolayer. Imaging conditions: Iset = 200 pA, Vbias = −0.8 V. Self-assembled monolayers of BA-OC14

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• 12–24 hours. The experiments were performed to create self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of cysteamine cross-linked with ᴅʟ-glyceraldehyde on the microcantilever surface to selectively capture the targeted Cd(II). The proposed portable microfluidic platform is able to achieve the detection in 20–23 min

• the WHO limit of 3 μg/L. Keywords: BioMEMS; heavy metal ions (HMIs); limit of detection (LOD); microcantilevers; microfluidics; micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS); piezoresistive sensors; SAM (self-assembled monolayers); World Health Organization (WHO); Introduction Water is fundamentally

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• nanomaterial used, for example, aqueous solutions, self-assembled monolayers or polymeric nanocomposites [33]. In the case of plasmonic nanoparticles, the plasmonic properties (i.e., the maximum position of the absorption band and the band shape) are strongly affected by the conditions under which the

• , the bacteria was selectively eliminated from the HeLa cells. In a later study, published in 2017, the photothermally active Prussian blue nanoparticles were grafted on a glass surface via a layer-by-layer approach [74]. The self-assembled monolayers demonstrated photothermally induced antibacterial

• acidic biofilm microenvironment and an enhanced photothermal ablation of methicillin-resistant S. aureus biofilm under NIR light irradiation (laser intensity 0.91 W/cm2), were previously reported [57]. The gold nanoparticles were modified by pH-responsive mixed-charged zwitterionic self-assembled

Quantitative determination of the interaction potential between two surfaces using frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Nicholas Chan,
• Carrie Lin,
• Tevis Jacobs,
• Robert W. Carpick and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 729–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.60

• such issues. For example, the adsorption of self-assembled monolayers on contacting surfaces is one method by which the surface can be modified to reduce the detrimental impacts of adhesion, friction and wear [15][16][17]. The nanometer length scales over which these processes modify surface

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• study charge transport within 2D layers of organic semi-conductors (OSCs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based lithography applied to self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), fabricated from appropriate organothiols. The extent of lateral charge transport was investigated by insulating pre-defined patches

• , using an approach where measurements are carried out for structurally well-defined self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [9], fabricated from appropriate organothiols. A very large number of organothiolates have been found to form monolayers of high structural quality on Au substrates [10], with a pronounced

• conductivity within self-assembled monolayers was further corroborated by Bashir et al. through the application of molecular dynamics simulation where the charge transport was taken explicitly into account [29]. The theoretical study on the optimized model of HBC by using the Ehrenfest (mean field) approach

Multiwalled carbon nanotube based aromatic volatile organic compound sensor: sensitivity enhancement through 1-hexadecanethiol functionalisation

• Nadra Bohli,
• Meryem Belkilani,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2364–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.227

• sensitivity (up to 17 times), selectivity and improves the response dynamics of the sensors. Keywords: gold-decorated MWCNTs; multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs); self-assembled monolayers (SAMs); sensitivity; selectivity; vapour sensor; Introduction Aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as

• effect of nucleation. The power and time required for the plasma beam aperture within the cell were optimized and fixed to 30 W and 10 seconds, respectively. Functionalisation with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) The Au-decorated MWCNT substrate was further functionalized with an alkanethiol self

Adsorption and desorption of self-assembled L-cysteine monolayers on nanoporous gold monitored by in situ resistometry

• Elisabeth Hengge,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Rupert Bachler,
• Alexander Dennig,
• Bernd Nidetzky and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2275–2279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.219

• 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria 10.3762/bjnano.10.219 Abstract Surface modifications of nanoporous metals have become a highly attractive research field as they exhibit great potential for various applications, especially in biotechnology. Using self-assembled monolayers is one of the most promising

• approaches to modify a gold surface. However, only few techniques are capable of characterizing the formation of these monolayers on porous substrates. Here, we present a method to in situ monitor the adsorption and desorption of self-assembled monolayers on nanoporous gold by resistometry, using cysteine as

• using the well-known spontaneous formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold substrates [5]. These layers usually consist of three groups: a thiol as the head group, a carbon chain as the backbone and an end group that can be chosen according to the requirements for subsequent application. For

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• formaldehyde over the other volatile organic compounds. This nanoarchitectonic strategy using molecular sieving effects of nanoporous frameworks can be applied to other targets of selected molecular size. Ultrathin films The immobilization of functional materials with ultrathin films such as self-assembled

• monolayers [133][134], Langmuir–Blodgett films [135][136][137], and layer-by-layer assembly [138][139][140][141] on sensors and related devices is a key nanoarchitectonics step for sensor fabrication. For example, Furusawa et al. immobilized nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid within a self-assembled monolayer on

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• mechanisms of formation and transformation of zero-dimensional structures within two-dimensional media (dot-dispersed monolayers of block copolymers) [200]. Self-assembled monolayers of polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) and its supramolecular complex with 3-n-pentadecylphenol at the air–water interface

Features and advantages of flexible silicon nanowires for SERS applications

• Hrvoje Gebavi,
• Vlatko Gašparić,
• Dubravko Risović,
• Nikola Baran,
• Paweł Henryk Albrycht and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 725–734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.72

• temperature and thickness were reported in [26]. 4-MPBA was chosen as a SERS test molecule because of the strong affinity between the thiol group and metal surfaces (Ag or Au) as well as because of the easy formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [27]. Furthermore, the benzene ring is orientation

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• , which reveal higher accumulation of material. This was probably formed during film transfer, since the area per molecule at the surface pressure during transfer (0.2 nm2 per molecule) is smaller than the values obtained for self-assembled monolayers (0.25 nm2) of ODP onto mica [56]. The characteristic

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• , Belgium 10.3762/bjnano.10.58 Abstract Here we describe the development of chemoresistive sensors employing oxygen-plasma-treated, Au-decorated multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thiols. For the first time, the effects of the length of the carbon

• approach, carbon nanotubes act as support and charge transport transducing elements while the recognition function is performed by grafted molecules. Two examples of this have consisted of obtaining thiol-functionalized carbon nanotube buckypapers [27] or self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thiol molecules

• obtained in similar approaches. Conclusion This paper describes the development of chemoresistive sensors employing oxygen-plasma-treated, Au-decorated MWCNTs functionalized with self-assembled monolayers of thiols. The four different thiols studied differ in the length of their carbon chain (either 3 or